Ixodes Ricinus / Sheep Tick
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Icon Clock white22-04-2025 15:53

The Ixodes Ricinus is also known as the Sheep Tick and is the only tick species found in the Netherlands. In the Netherlands, it is known for spreading Lyme disease, but abroad, this tick is also responsible for spreading other diseases.

Where does Ixodes Ricinus live?

The sheep tick is known in the northern hemisphere and is commonly found in Northern and Eastern Europe. Additionally, Ixodes Ricinus is also present in Russia and the northern countries of Asia. This tick species is also familiar in Canada and the northern United States.
Ixodes Ricinus is mainly found in places with high humidity, such as areas with low vegetation. The tick hides in various ‘green’ areas, such as bushes, tall grasses, and trees. Not only in nature parks, but also in city parks, grassy dykes, meadows, and gardens. Ticks are primarily active from March to November, but they sometimes appear during mild winters. They are less present during a hot dry summer period.
The tick often attaches itself to the human body and prefers warm damp places to sit. Think of areas like groins, knee hollows, underarms, the place behind the ears, and the groin area. Because children are smaller, ticks often hide around their hairline or behind the ears.

Development of Ixodes Ricinus

The tick develops from a larva to a nymph. It then becomes an adult tick, and males and females can be distinguished. The nymphs are probably the most significant in transmitting diseases to humans, as they have already sucked blood and can therefore carry toxins. The nymph is only about a millimeter in size and is easily overlooked. Females are often the largest and therefore slightly more noticeable. Male ticks do not suck blood and therefore do not play a role in transmitting diseases.

The transmission of diseases by Ixodes Ricinus

The most well-known disease transmitted by Ixodes Ricinus is Lyme disease, caused by the Borrelia bacterium. The disease is characterized by a red circular spot at the site of the tick bite, followed by fever and flu-like symptoms. At a later stage, the bacterium can also affect the joints, nervous system, and heart. The disease is rarely fatal, so treatment with antibiotics is necessary.


In the Netherlands, Ixodes Ricinus only spreads Lyme disease, but abroad, the tick is also known as the carrier of Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE). Ixodes Ricinus transmits this disease immediately after the tick bite. A week after the bite, fever and flu can occur. One in three infected people also experiences meningitis. This is often accompanied by headache, dizziness, and stiffness of the neck, shoulders, and back. This disease can also be deadly. It is possible to get vaccinated against Tick-borne Encephalitis.


A slightly less known disease that Ixodes Ricinus can transmit is Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis (HGE). The symptoms include fever, headache, and muscle pain. Liver dysfunctions are also possible complaints. Symptoms usually occur within a week after the bite. They can be treated with an antibiotic.